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    • Forex Trading Basics Part 2
    • Forex Trading FAQs >
      • What is Forex Trading?
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      • What are the major currencies traded in Forex?
      • What is a currency pair in Forex trading?
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      • What is a pip in Forex?
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      • What is a Lot in Forex trading?
      • What is the difference between a market order and a limit order?
      • What is a stop-loss order in Forex?
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      • How do you perform technical analysis in Forex Trading?
      • What are support and resistance levels?
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      • How do economic indicators affect Forex markets?
      • What is a Forex Broker?
      • How do you choose a Forex Broker?
      • What are the most common Forex Trading platforms?
      • What are the trading hours for the Forex Market?
      • How does the bid-ask spread affect Forex Trading?
      • What is a demo account in Forex Trading?
      • How do you develop a trading plan for Forex?
      • What is margin trading in Forex?
      • How does news impact Forex Trading?
      • What are the best times to trade Forex?
      • What is a trading journal, and how do you maintain one?
      • What are the different types of Forex charts?
      • What are candlestick patterns in Forex Trading?
      • How do you use moving averages in Forex Trading?
      • What is the Relative Strength Index (RSI)?
      • What is the MACD indicator in Forex Trading?
      • How do you use Fibonacci retracement in Forex Trading?
      • What is a Forex signal?
      • How do you backtest a Forex Trading strategy?
      • What is automated Forex Trading?
      • What are the benefits and risks of Forex Trading?
      • How do you handle Forex Trading psychology?
      • What is slippage in Forex Trading?
      • What are the most common Forex Trading mistakes?
      • How do you determine the trend in Forex Trading?
      • What are exotic currency pairs?
      • How does geopolitical news affect Forex markets?
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    • Forex Trading Glossary
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    • Introduction to Forex >
      • Forex, CFDs, ETFs: What is that?
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      • The advantages of the Forex Market
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      • Introduction to Fundamental Analysis
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      • How does the ISM manufacturing index effect the Economy?
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      • Three Big Forex Trading Mistakes
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      • Six common Forex Charts Mistakes which can cause a Wipeout
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      • The Insidiously Way To Manage Losses
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      • The Reasonable Risk Management
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      • Forex Indicators and the ever-changing Market Conditions
      • Pivot Points in Forex Trading: Mapping Your Timeframe
      • What Is Fibonacci Trading Regarding Forex?
      • What Is the .382 Fibonacci Ratio in Forex Trading?
      • Forex Trading and some interesting facts about Bollinger Bands
      • How can Moving Averages help in Forex Trading
      • Commodity Channel Index: A Versatile Indicator
      • An Introduction to Forex Technical Analysis
    • Forex Trading Psychology Articles >
      • Why is it good to trade alone?
      • The Acceptance Of Losses In Forex Trading
      • How To Bounce Back From Trading Losses: 5 Lessons Learned
      • How to Improve Your Trading Results with Daily & Weekly Routine
      • Top Ten: Trading Risk & Psychology Reads
      • Myths of Fear and Greed in Forex Trading
  • Crypto Resources
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    • Crypto Trading FAQs >
      • What is Cryptocurrency?
      • How does blockchain technology work?
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      • What is a Cryptocurrency wallet?
      • What is a public key and a private key?
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      • How do I start investing in Cryptocurrencies?
      • What are the best Cryptocurrencies to invest in?
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      • What is the difference between a hot wallet and a cold wallet?
      • How do I trade Cryptocurrencies?
      • What is the difference between centralized and decentralized exchanges?
      • What are the risks of investing in Cryptocurrencies?
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      • What is market capitalization in Crypto?
      • What are ICOs and how do they work?
      • What is Ethereum and how does it differ from Bitcoin?
      • What are smart contracts?
      • What is a DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)?
      • What are stablecoins and how do they work?
      • What is DeFi (Decentralized Finance)?
      • What is a fork in Cryptocurrency?
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      • What are gas fees in Ethereum?
      • What is proof of work (PoW)?
      • What is proof of stake (PoS)?
      • How secure are Cryptocurrencies?
      • What is two-factor authentication (2FA) and why is it important?
      • What is a hardware wallet?
      • How do I recover lost or stolen Cryptocurrency?
      • How do I ensure my Cryptocurrency transactions are private?
      • What is Cryptojacking?
      • How can I secure my Cryptocurrency assets?
      • What is the legal status of Cryptocurrencies?
      • How are Cryptocurrencies taxed?
      • What is KYC (Know Your Customer) in Crypto exchanges?
      • How do regulations impact the Crypto market?
      • Can Cryptocurrencies be traced?
      • What is the role of central banks in the Crypto market?
      • How does international law affect Cryptocurrency transactions?
      • What are the future prospects of Cryptocurrency regulation?
    • Crypto Trading Strategies >
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      • Getting paid in Bitcoin? It could be worth it!
      • Why The Bitcoin Price Dropped Today
      • Coins in the Kingdom Bitcoin Beginners Workshop
      • GDPR Vs. ICOs
      • Bitcoin’s Future Polarizes Tech Insiders
      • New Purpose In An Age-Old Industry
      • Should You Pay Tax on Your Crypto Gains?
      • The Origins of the Digital Currency: A Beginning of a Long New Road
    • Crypto Glossary
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    • Crypto Broker Reviews >
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    • CFD Broker Reviews >
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  • CFD Trading Resources
    • CFD Trading Basics
    • CFD Trading FAQs >
      • What is CFD Trading?
      • How does CFD Trading differ from traditional Stock Trading?
      • What is the difference between a CFD and a Futures contract?
      • How is a CFD price determined?
      • What are the benefits of CFD Trading?
      • What are the risks associated with CFD Trading?
      • How do technical analysis and fundamental analysis apply to CFD Trading?
      • What are the most commonly used indicators in CFD Trading?
      • What is the role of market sentiment in CFD Trading?
      • How does margin work in CFD Trading?
      • How do news events affect CFD prices?
      • What is the importance of liquidity in CFD Trading?
      • What is position sizing, and why is it important in CFD Trading?
      • How are CFDs regulated in different countries?
      • What should I look for in a reliable CFD broker?
      • How are profits from CFD Trading taxed?
      • What protections do I have if my CFD broker goes bankrupt?
      • What are the regulatory differences between CFDs and other derivatives?
      • How does regulatory oversight impact leverage in CFD Trading?
      • What is negative balance protection in CFD Trading?
      • How do dividend adjustments work in CFD Trading?
      • How do corporate actions affect CFD positions?
      • How does algorithmic trading apply to CFDs?
      • What is the impact of interest rates on CFD Trading?
      • Can I use hedging strategies in CFD Trading?
      • What are the risks of holding CFD positions during periods of high volatility?
      • What are the future trends in CFD Trading?
    • CFD Trading Strategies
    • CFD Trading Strategies Part 2
    • CFD Trading Glossary
  • Day Trading Resources
    • Advanced Technical Analysis
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    • Day Trading FAQs >
      • What is Day Trading?
      • How does Day Trading differ from swing trading and long-term investing?
      • What financial instruments can be day traded?
      • What are the most popular markets for Day Trading?
      • What are the key characteristics of a successful day trader?
      • How much capital is required to start Day Trading?
      • What is a margin account, and how does it work in Day Trading?
      • What are some common Day Trading strategies?
      • What are some key technical indicators for Day Trading?
      • What are Bollinger Bands?
      • How does market volatility affect Day Trading?
      • What are trading commissions and fees?
      • How do you calculate your Day Trading profits and losses?
      • What is a stock screener, and how is it used in Day Trading?
      • What are penny stocks, and are they suitable for Day Trading?
      • What is high-frequency trading (HFT)?
      • What are the psychological challenges of Day Trading?
      • What are common mistakes made by novice day traders?
      • How do you stay disciplined in Day Trading?
      • What is a Day Trading simulator, and how can it help beginners?
      • What are the tax implications of Day Trading?
      • How do you keep up with market news and events?
      • What are some good books or resources for learning Day Trading?
      • How do you balance Day Trading with other commitments?
      • How do you protect your capital in volatile markets?
      • What are the legal and regulatory considerations in Day Trading?
      • What is Derivatives Trading?
      • What is Equity Trading?
      • What is Commodity Trading?
      • What is Index Trading?
    • Bond Trading Basics >
      • Bond Trading Strategies
      • Bond Trading Glossary
    • ETF Trading Resources >
      • ETF Trading Basics
      • ETF Trading FAQs >
        • What is an ETF?
        • How does an ETF differ from a mutual fund?
        • What are the different types of ETFs?
        • How do ETFs work?
        • What are the advantages of investing in ETFs?
        • Are there any disadvantages to trading ETFs?
        • What is the expense ratio, and how does it affect ETF performance?
        • What is an index ETF?
        • What is the difference between an actively managed and a passively managed ETF?
        • How do dividends work in ETFs?
        • What are the tax implications of owning ETFs?
        • What is an ETF’s liquidity, and why does it matter?
        • How is an ETF’s price determined?
        • What is Net Asset Value (NAV), and how does it relate to ETF pricing?
        • What does "tracking error" mean in the context of ETFs?
        • What are leveraged ETFs?
        • What are inverse ETFs, and how do they work?
        • Can you short-sell an ETF?
        • How are ETFs traded on the stock exchange?
        • What is the difference between buying ETFs and individual stocks?
        • What is the best time to trade ETFs during the day?
        • How do I choose an ETF to invest in?
        • What factors should I consider when selecting an ETF?
        • What is dollar-cost averaging, and can I use it with ETFs?
        • What is the bid-ask spread in ETF trading?
        • How do market orders and limit orders work for ETFs?
        • What are ETF rebalancing and reconstitution, and how do they affect performance?
        • What are sector ETFs, and how do they differ from broad-market ETFs?
        • Can I use ETFs for short-term trading (day trading or swing trading)?
        • What is the role of market makers in ETF liquidity?
        • Can ETFs be used for Options Trading?
        • What is the difference between ETFs and ETNs (Exchange-Traded Notes)?
        • How can ETFs be used in a portfolio to diversify risk?
        • What is the role of ETFs in asset allocation strategies?
        • What are commodity ETFs, and how do they work?
        • How do bond ETFs differ from stock ETFs?
        • What are international or global ETFs, and how do they work?
        • What is a thematic ETF, and how does it work?
        • What is a smart beta ETF?
        • What are the risks of leveraged and inverse ETFs?
        • What are the typical fees associated with ETFs?
        • How do I calculate the cost of owning an ETF?
        • What is the total cost of ownership for an ETF?
        • Do ETFs charge front-end or back-end loads like mutual funds?
        • How does the ETF creation and redemption process affect costs?
        • What are the tax benefits of ETFs compared to mutual funds?
        • How are ETF dividends taxed?
        • What is a tax-efficient ETF?
        • What are synthetic ETFs, and how are they taxed?
        • What are the regulatory protections for ETF investors?
      • ETF Trading Strategies
      • ETF Trading Glossary
    • Futures Trading Basics >
      • Futures Trading FAQs >
        • ​What is Futures Trading?
        • How do Futures contracts work?
        • What are the key differences between Futures and Options?
        • What is the difference between Spot and Futures markets?
        • What are the main types of Futures contracts (e.g., commodities, financials, currencies)?
        • What is a Futures contract expiration date?
        • What does it mean to "roll over" a Futures contract?
        • What is the role of a clearinghouse in Futures Trading?
        • How does margin work in Futures Trading?
        • What is a Futures tick size and tick value?
        • Who are the main participants in the Futures market? (Hedgers, Speculators, Arbitrageurs)
        • What is the difference between a hedger and a speculator?
        • How do investors use Futures for risk management?
        • What is the difference between long and short positions in Futures Trading?
        • How can traders use leverage in Futures Trading?
        • What are common Futures Trading strategies? (Trend following, mean reversion, spreads)
        • What is the Commitment of Traders (COT) report, and how do traders use it?
        • What are calendar spreads in Futures Trading?
        • What is basis risk in Futures Trading?
        • How does fundamental analysis apply to Futures Trading?
        • What is contract size in Futures Trading?
        • What is the difference between cash settlement and physical delivery?
        • How do settlement prices impact Futures contracts?
        • What happens if you hold a Futures contract until expiration?
        • What is open interest in Futures Trading?
        • How do Futures prices relate to the underlying asset?
        • What is contango vs. backwardation?
        • What are E-mini and Micro Futures contracts?
        • What are the most liquid Futures contracts?
        • How do Futures affect the price of underlying assets?​
        • What are the risks of trading Futures?
        • What is mark-to-market in Futures Trading?
        • What is circuit breaking in Futures Markets?
        • What is the role of Algorithmic Trading in Futures Markets?
        • What are the major Futures Exchanges?
        • How are Futures Markets regulated?
        • What are position limits in Futures Trading?
        • How are Futures taxed?
        • What is the role of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)?
        • How do electronic and pit trading differ in Futures Markets?
        • What is high-frequency trading (HFT) in Futures?
        • What are exchange-traded vs. over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives?
        • What are Futures Trading hours, and do they differ by asset class?
        • How do traders choose the best Futures Broker?
      • Futures Trading Strategies
      • Futures Trading Glossary
    • Gold Trading Basics >
      • Gold ETFs
      • Gold Trading FAQs >
        • What are the main ways to trade Gold?
        • What is the difference between physical Gold and paper Gold?
        • How do Gold Futures contracts work?
        • What are Gold ETFs, and how do they differ from Gold futures?
        • How is the Gold spot price determined?
        • What factors influence Gold prices the most?
        • What is the role of central banks in the Gold market?
        • How do Gold mining stocks compare to trading Gold directly?
        • What are Gold options, and how do they work?
        • How does Gold’s liquidity compare to other commodities?
        • ​What is the contract size of Gold Futures?
        • What are E-mini and Micro Gold Futures?
        • What is the tick size and tick value for Gold Futures?
        • How does margin work in Gold Futures Trading?
        • What are rollover costs in Gold CFDs?
        • What are the trading hours for Gold Futures?
        • What are the top exchanges for trading Gold Futures?
        • How does leverage affect Gold Trading?
        • What is the difference between trading Gold Spot vs. Gold Futures?
        • How do settlement prices impact Gold Futures contracts?
        • How do interest rates affect Gold prices?
        • What is the relationship between Gold and the US dollar?
        • How does inflation impact Gold prices?
        • Why is Gold considered a safe-haven asset?
        • How do geopolitical events affect Gold prices?
        • What is Gold’s historical correlation with Stocks and Bonds?
      • Gold Trading Strategies
      • Gold Live Price
      • Gold Trading Glossary
    • Harmonic Trading
    • Oil Trading Basics >
      • Oil Trading Strategies
      • Oil Live Price
      • Oil Trading Glossary
    • Options Trading Resources >
      • Options Trading Basics
      • Options Trading Strategies
      • Options Trading Glossary
    • Price Action Trading
    • Stock Trading Resources >
      • Stock Trading Basics
      • Stock Trading FAQs >
        • What is Stock Trading?
        • How do I buy and sell Stocks?
        • What are the different types of Stocks (common vs. preferred)?
        • What is the Stock market, and how does it work?
        • What is the difference between Stock Trading and Investing?
        • How do I open a Stock Trading account?
        • What is a Stock Exchange, and how does it differ from over-the-counter (OTC) markets?
        • What is a Stock Broker, and how do they make money?
        • What is the role of a market maker in Stock Trading?
        • What causes Stock prices to rise or fall?
        • What are dividends, and how do they impact Stockholders?
        • What are Stock splits and reverse Stock splits?
        • What is a Stock’s market capitalization, and why does it matter?
        • What is an initial public offering (IPO)?
        • What are the different types of Stock exchanges (NYSE, NASDAQ, etc.)?
        • How does pre-market and after-hours trading work?
        • How do I calculate my risk/reward ratio in Stock Trading?
        • How can I manage risk in my Stock Trading portfolio?
        • What is portfolio diversification, and why is it important?
        • What are Stock Market indices (e.g., S&P 500, Dow Jones, NASDAQ), and how do they work?
        • How do I read Stock charts and identify trends?
        • What are earnings reports, and how do they affect Stock prices?
        • What are Stock buybacks, and how do they affect Stock prices?
        • How do corporate actions (mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs) affect Stockholders?
        • What is Insider Trading, and why is it illegal?
        • How do geopolitical events (e.g., elections, trade wars) impact Stock Markets?
      • Stock Trading Strategies
      • Stock Trading Strategies Part 2
      • Stock Market News
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        • What does "tracking error" mean in the context of ETFs?
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        • What is the difference between buying ETFs and individual stocks?
        • What is the best time to trade ETFs during the day?
        • How do I choose an ETF to invest in?
        • What factors should I consider when selecting an ETF?
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        • What is the bid-ask spread in ETF trading?
        • How do market orders and limit orders work for ETFs?
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        • What are sector ETFs, and how do they differ from broad-market ETFs?
        • Can I use ETFs for short-term trading (day trading or swing trading)?
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        • How do I calculate the cost of owning an ETF?
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        • Do ETFs charge front-end or back-end loads like mutual funds?
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      • ETF Trading Strategies
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        • How do Futures contracts work?
        • What are the key differences between Futures and Options?
        • What is the difference between Spot and Futures markets?
        • What are the main types of Futures contracts (e.g., commodities, financials, currencies)?
        • What is a Futures contract expiration date?
        • What does it mean to "roll over" a Futures contract?
        • What is the role of a clearinghouse in Futures Trading?
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        • What is a Futures tick size and tick value?
        • Who are the main participants in the Futures market? (Hedgers, Speculators, Arbitrageurs)
        • What is the difference between a hedger and a speculator?
        • How do investors use Futures for risk management?
        • What is the difference between long and short positions in Futures Trading?
        • How can traders use leverage in Futures Trading?
        • What are common Futures Trading strategies? (Trend following, mean reversion, spreads)
        • What is the Commitment of Traders (COT) report, and how do traders use it?
        • What are calendar spreads in Futures Trading?
        • What is basis risk in Futures Trading?
        • How does fundamental analysis apply to Futures Trading?
        • What is contract size in Futures Trading?
        • What is the difference between cash settlement and physical delivery?
        • How do settlement prices impact Futures contracts?
        • What happens if you hold a Futures contract until expiration?
        • What is open interest in Futures Trading?
        • How do Futures prices relate to the underlying asset?
        • What is contango vs. backwardation?
        • What are E-mini and Micro Futures contracts?
        • What are the most liquid Futures contracts?
        • How do Futures affect the price of underlying assets?​
        • What are the risks of trading Futures?
        • What is mark-to-market in Futures Trading?
        • What is circuit breaking in Futures Markets?
        • What is the role of Algorithmic Trading in Futures Markets?
        • What are the major Futures Exchanges?
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        • What are position limits in Futures Trading?
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        • What is the role of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)?
        • How do electronic and pit trading differ in Futures Markets?
        • What is high-frequency trading (HFT) in Futures?
        • What are exchange-traded vs. over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives?
        • What are Futures Trading hours, and do they differ by asset class?
        • How do traders choose the best Futures Broker?
      • Futures Trading Strategies
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        • How is the Gold spot price determined?
        • What factors influence Gold prices the most?
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        • ​What is the contract size of Gold Futures?
        • What are E-mini and Micro Gold Futures?
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        • How does margin work in Gold Futures Trading?
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        • What are the trading hours for Gold Futures?
        • What are the top exchanges for trading Gold Futures?
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        • How do settlement prices impact Gold Futures contracts?
        • How do interest rates affect Gold prices?
        • What is the relationship between Gold and the US dollar?
        • How does inflation impact Gold prices?
        • Why is Gold considered a safe-haven asset?
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Options Trading Glossary


Accumulation 
When stocks start moving sideways after a significant drop as investors start accumulating.

Adjusted Options 
Non-standardized stock options with customized terms in order to price in major changes in the underlying stock’s capital structure.

All-or-None (AON) Order 
An order which must be completely filled or else it will not be executed. This is a useful order for Option traders executing complex option strategies that needs to be precisely filled.

American-Style Option 
An Option contract which may be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. Most exchange-traded Options are American-style.

Arbitrage 
The simultaneous purchase and sale of financial instruments in order to benefit from price discrepancies. Option traders frequently look for price discrepancies of the same option contract between different option exchanges, thereby benefiting from a risk free trade.

Ask Price 
As used in the phrase ‘bid and asked’ it is the price at which a potential seller is willing to sell. Another way of saying this is the asking price for what someone is selling. You buy Option contracts and stocks on their Ask price.

Assign 
To designate an Pption writer for fulfillment of his obligation to sell stock (Call Option writer) or buy stock (Put Option writer). The writer receives an assignment notice from the Options Clearing Corporation.

At the Money 
When an Option’s strike price is the same as the prevailing stock price.

Automatic Exercise 
A protection procedure whereby the Options Clearing Corporation attempts to protect the holder of an expiring in-the-money option by automatically exercising the option on behalf of the holder.

Auto-trading 
A three way agreement to have your Options broker automatically execute trade recommended by your Options advisory service.

Backspread 
A type of Options spread in which a trader holds more long positions than short positions. The premium collected from the sale of the short Option is used to help finance the purchase of the long Options. This type of spread enables the trader to have significant exposure to expected moves in the underlying asset while limiting the amount of loss in the event prices do not move in the direction the trader had hoped for. This spread can be created using either all Call Options or all Put Options and is an advanced Options strategy.

Barrier Options 
Exotic Options that come into existence or go out of existence if certain prices has been reached.

Bearish 
An opinion which expects a decline in price, either by the general market or by an underlying stock, or both.

Bearish Options Strategies 
Different ways to use Options in order profit from a downwards move in the underlying stock.

Bear Spread 
An Option strategy which makes its maximum profit when the underlying stock declines and has its maximum risk if the stock rises in price. The strategy can be implemented with either puts or calls. In either case, an Option with a higher striking price is purchased and one with a lower striking price is sold, both Options generally having the same expiration date.

Bear Trap 
Any technically unconfirmed downward move which encourages investors to be bearish. It usually precedes strong rallies and often catches the unwary.

Beta 
A figure which indicates the historical propensity of a stock price to move with the stock market as a whole.

Bid/Ask Spread 
The difference between the prevailing bid and ask price. Generally Option contracts which are more liquid tend to have a tighter Bid/Ask Spread while Option contracts which are less liquid and are thinly traded tend to have a wider Bid/Ask Spread.

Bid Price 
The price at which a potential buyer is willing to buy from you. This means that you sell at the Bid Price.

Binary Options 
Options which either pay you a fixed return when it ends up in the money by expiration or nothing at all.

Black-Scholes Model 
A mathematical formula designed to price an Option as a function of certain variables-generally stock price, striking price, volatility, time to expiration, dividends to be paid, and the current risk-free interest rate.

Break 
Even Point-the stock price (or prices) at which a particular strategy neither makes nor loses money. It generally pertains to the result at the expiration date of the options involved in the strategy. A “dynamic” break-even point is one that changes as time passes.

Breadth 
The net number of stocks advancing versus those declining. When advances exceed declines the breadth of the market is inclining. When the declines exceed advances the market is declining.

Breakout 
What occurs if a stock price or average moves above a previous high resistance level or below a previous low support level. The odds are that the trend will continue.

Bullish 
An opinion in which one expects a rise in price, either by the general market or individual security.

Bullish Options Strategies 
Using Options in order profit from an upwards move in the underlying stock.

Bull Call Spread 
A bullish Options strategy that aims to reduce the upfront cost of buying Call Options in order to profit from stocks that are expected to rise moderately

Bull Spread 
An Option strategy which achieves its maximum potential when the underlying security rises far enough, and has its maximum risk if the security falls far enough. Either puts or calls may be used for the strategy.

Bull Trap 
Any technically unconfirmed move to the upside which encourages investors to be bullish. Usually precedes important declines and often fools those who do not wait form confirmation by other indicators.

Butterfly Spread 
A neutral Option strategy which has both limited risk and limited profit potential, constructed by combining a bull spread and a bear spread. Three strike prices are involved, with the lower two being utilized in the bull spread and the higher two in the bear spread. The strategy can be established with either puts or calls; there are four different ways of combining Options to construct the same basic position.

Call Broken Wing Butterfly Spread 
To establish an Options position by going long.

Call Broken Wing Condor Spread 
A Butterfly Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile that makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to downside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money Call Options than a regular butterfly spread.

Call Ratio Backspread 
A Condor Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile that makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to downside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money call options than a regular Condor spread.

Call Ratio Spread
 A credit options trading strategy with unlimited profit to upside and limited profit to downside through buying more out of the money calls than in the money calls are shorted.

Call Time Spread 
Another name for Call Calendar Spread. An Options Trading strategy where long term Call Options are bought and near term Call Options are written in order to profit from time decay.

Called Away 
The process in that a Call Option writer is obligated to surrender the underlying stock to the Option buyer at a price equal to the strike price of the Call Option.

Calendar Spread 
A type of Options trading strategy which uses a combination of Options with different expiration dates in order to profit primarily from time decay.

Calendar Straddle or Combination 
A complex neutral Options strategy involving the purchase of a long term straddle and the sale of a short term straddle.

Calendar Strangle 
A complex neutral Options strategy involving the purchase of a long term strangle and the sale of a short term strangle.

Call Options 
Options that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying security at a specified price for a certain, fixed period of time.

Capitalization 
The total amount of securities issued by a corporation. This may include: bonds, debentures, preferred stock, common stock and surplus.

Cash Settlement / Cash Delivered 
Options that, when exercised, delivers the profit in cash instead of an underlying asset.

CBOE 
The Chicago Board Options Exchange; the first national exchange to trade listed stock Options.

Chain 
A list of Options quotes across multiple strike prices.

Class of Options 
Option contracts of the same type and style that covers the same underlying asset.

Close 
Period at the end of a trading day where final prices for the day are calculated.

Closing Order 
The buying back or selling off of an Option for which an Option trader has the opposite position. An Option trader who writes a call option will execute a closing order by “buying to close” that call Option. An Option trader who bought a Call Option will execute a closing order by “selling to close” that Call Option.

Condor Spread 
A neutral Option strategy which profits from a Stock Trading within a predetermined range.

Contango 
A term originating from the oil market. This is when farther month implied volatility is higher than nearer month implied volatility. This is indicative of a normal market condition.

Contingent Order
An order to buy stock and sell a covered call option that is given as one order to the trading desk of a brokerage firm. Also called a “net order.” This is a “not held” order.

Correction 
When a stock drops in price temporarily before rebounding later.

Contract Size 
The amount of underlying asset covered by the Option contract. This is generally 100. If an Option is quoted for $2.50, then one contract would cost $2.50 x 100 = $250 and would cover 100 shares.

Contract Neutral Hedging 
A static hedging technique involving buying 1 Put Option or selling 1 Call Option for every 1 share held.

Contrary Opinion 
The belief opposite that of the general public and/or Wall Street. It is most significant at major market turning points. An overall consensus of opinion, whether bullish or bearish, usually marks an extreme. An investor taking a contrary view will usually benefit in time.

Conversiont 
The transformation of a long stock position into a position which is short the stock using Options, without closing the original long stock position, through the use of synthetic positions.

Consolidation 
When stocks starts going sideways after a significant rise as investors start selling some of their holdings to take profit.

Contract Range 
The highest and lowest price that an Options contract has traded at. 

Cover 
to buy back as a closing transaction an Option which was initially written.

Covered Call Write 
a strategy in that one writes Call Options while simultaneously owning an equal number of shares of the underlying stock.

Covered Put Write 
a strategy in that one sells Put Options and simultaneously is short an equal number of shares of the underlying security.

Covered Straddle Write 
the term used to describe the strategy in that an investor owns the underlying security and also writes a straddle on that security. This is not really a covered position.

Covered Warrant 
 the term used for structured warrants which works almost exactly the same as Call Options and Put Options.

Credit 
Money received in an account. A credit transaction is one in that the net sale proceeds are larger than the net buy proceeds (cost), thereby bringing money into the account.

Credit Spread 
A Credit Spread position is an Option spread in that the net sale proceeds are larger than the net buy proceeds (cost), thereby bringing money into the account.

Day Order 
An order which expires at the end of the trading day if it is not executed.

Day Trader 
Traders who open and close option positions or multiple option positions all within the same trading day. This requires a $25,000 minimum account balance.

Day Trading 
Trading methodology which involves making multiple trades that are opened and closed all within the same trading day.

Debit 
An expense, or money paid out from an account. A debit transaction is one in which the net cost is greater than the net sale proceeds.

Debit Spread 
Option spreads that you have to pay money to put on.

Decay 
Time Decay in Options.

Deliverables 
The financial assets which are delivered to the Options holders when options are exercised.

Delta 
The numerical value by that an Option’s price will change for a corresponding change in price of the underlying entity. Call Options have positive deltas, while Put Options have negative deltas. The delta on an Option is an instantaneous measure of the Option’s price change, and is the best way to measure your outstanding risk on a position. Being Long (+) 100 deltas is the same as being long 100 shares of stock and same thing with being short (-) 100 deltas is the same as being short 100 shares of stock.

Delta Neutral 
If positive delta Options and negative delta Options offset each other to produce a position which neither gains nor decreases in value as the underlying stock moves slightly up or down. Such a position will return a profit no matter which way the underlying stock eventually moves as long as the move is significant.

Delta Spread 
A ratio spread which is established as a neutral position by utilizing the deltas of the Options involved. The neutral ratio is determined by dividing the delta of the purchased Option by the delta of the written Option.

Derivatives 
A financial instrument whose value is derived in part from the value and characteristics of another financial instrument. Examples of derivatives are Options, Futures and warrants.

Diagonal Spread 
An Options spread on the same underlying but with a different expiration month and strike.

Discount 
An Option is trading at a discount when it is trading for less than its intrinsic value. A future is trading at a discount when it is trading at a price less than the cash price of its underlying index or commodity.

Discount Broker 
A brokerage firm which offers low commission rates.

Dividend 
If a company pays a share of the profit to existing shareholders.

Downside Protection 
Generally used in connection with covered call writing, this is the cushion against loss, in case of a price decline by the underlying security, which is afforded by the written call Option.

Dynamic Hedging 
A hedging technique that requires constantly rebalancing in order to maintain the hedge ratio.

Early Exercise (assignment) 
The exercise or assignment of an Option contract before its expiration date.

Employee Stock Options 
Stock Options granted to employees by their companies as a mean of compensation and incentive.

Equity Option
 
An Option which has common stock as its underlying security.

ETF – Exchange Traded Funds. 
Open ended funds tradable over an exchange just like a stock. ETFs are a great way to get industry or sector exposure such as a basket of financials, Gold, or emerging markets.

Exercise 
A feature of an Option which stipulates that the Option may only be exercised at its expiration. Therefore, there can be no early assignment with this type of Option.

Exercise Limit 
To manifest the right granted under the terms of a listed Options contract. A holder is the only person able to exercise an Option. Call holders exercise to buy the underlying security, while put holders exercise the right to sell the underlying security.

Exercise Price 
The limit on the number of contracts that a holder can exercise in a fixed period of time. Set by the appropriate Option exchange, it is designed to prevent an investor or group of investors from “cornering” the market in a stock.

Expiration Date 
The price at which the Option holder may buy or sell the underlying security, as defined in the terms of his Option contract.

Expiration Time 
The day on that an Option contract becomes void. The expiration date for listed stock Options is the Saturday after the third Friday of the expiration month. All holders of Options must indicate their desire to exercise, when they wish to do so, by this date.

Extrinsic Value 
The time of day by that all exercise notices must be received on the expiration date. The expiration time is currently 5:00 PM on the expiration date, but public holders of option contracts must indicate their desire to exercise no later than 5:30 PM on the business day preceding the expiration date. The times are Eastern Time.

Fair Value 
Also known as “Premium Value” or “Time Value”. It is the difference between an Option’s price and the intrinsic value.

Fiduciary Call 
An Option trading stratey that buys Call Options as a replacement for a protective put or married put in the same proportion.

Financial Instrument
 A physical or electronic document which has intrinsic monetary value or transfers value. For example, cash, shares, Futures, Options and precious metals are financial instruments.

Fundamental Analysis 
A method of analyzing the prospects of a security by observing accepted accounting measures such as earnings, growth, sales, assets, etc.


Gamma 
The rate of change of a stock Option’s delta for one unit change in the price of the underlying stock.

Gamma Neutral 
A position what has zero or near zero gamma value resulting in the delta value of the position staying stagnant no matter how its underlying stock moves.

Goldilock Economy 
An economy which has steady growth and moderate inflation that is neither too heated nor cold and allows for stock market friendly monetary policies

Good Until Canceled (GTC) 
A designation applied to some types of orders, meaning that the order remains in effect until it is either filled or cancelled.

Greeks 
A set of mathematical criteria involved in the calculation of stock Option prices. The Greeks are composed of Delta, Theta, Gamma, Vega, and Rho.

Grocession 
A prolonged period of 0 to 2% growth in GDP which will feel like a recession.

Hedge 
Transactions which will protect against loss through a compensatory price movement.

Historical Volatility 
Volatility of past price movement of the underlying asset.

Horizontal Call Time Spread
 An Option strategy in that longer term at the money Call Options are bought and short term at the money Call Options are written in order to profit when the underlying stock remains flat.

Horizontal Put Time Spread 
An Option strategy in that longer term at the money Put Options are bought and short term at the money Put Options are written in order to profit when the underlying stock remains flat.

Horizontal Spread 
An Option strategy in that the options have the same strike price, but different expiration dates. This is also referred to the more common term: calendar spread.

Implied Volatility 
A measure of the volatility of the underlying stock, it is determined by using prices currently existing in the market at the time, rather than using historical data on the price changes of the underlying stock.

Incremental Return Concept 
A strategy of covered call writing in that the investor is striving to earn an additional return from Option writing against a stock position aiming to sell at higher prices.

Index 
A compilation of the prices of several common entities into a single number.

Index Option 
An Option whose underlying asset is an index instead of a hard asset such as stocks. Most index Options are cash-based.

In-the-Money 
A term describing any Option contract which has intrinsic value. A Call Option is in-the-money when the underlying security is higher than the strike price of the Call. A Put Option is in-the-money when the security is below the strike price.

Intrinsic Value 
The value of an Option when it were to expire immediately with the underlying stock at its current price; the amount by that an Option is in-the-money. For Call Options, this is the difference between the stock price and the striking price, if that difference is a positive number, or zero otherwise. For Put Options it is the difference between the striking price and the stock price, when that difference is positive, and zero otherwise.

Last Trading Day 
The third Friday of the expiration month. Options cease trading at 3:00 PM Eastern Time on the last trading day.

Leg 
(Verb) A risk oriented method of establishing a two-sided position. Rather than entering into a simultaneous transaction to establish the position (a spread, e.g.), the trader first executes one side of the position, hoping to execute the other side at a later time and a better price. The risk materializes from the fact that a better price may never be available, and a worse price must eventually be accepted. ?(Noun) In an Option strategy involving many kinds of Pptions, each Option type is known as a leg.

Legging 
Entering each leg of a complex Options trading position separately and individually.

LEAPS 
Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities. Simply said, it is Option contracts which expires 1 year or more in the future. Sometimes Option contracts that expires 6 months to a year later are also known as a LEAPS.

Level II Quotes 
Real time quotes provided by NASDAQ outlining the specific bid ask spread provided by each market maker.

Leverage 
In investments, the attainment of greater percentage profit and risk potential. A Call holder has leverage with respect to a stock holder-the former will have greater percentage profits and losses than the latter, for the same movement in the underlying stock.

Limit 
See Trading Limit.

Limit Order
An order to buy or sell securities at a specified price (the limit).

Liquid / Liquidity 
The ease at that a purchase or sale can be made without disrupting existing market prices.

Listed Option
 
A Put or Call Option which is traded on a national Option exchange. Listed Options have fixed striking prices and expiration dates.

Long 

To be long is to own something.

Look Back Options
 
Exotic Options that allows the holder to “Look Back” at the price action of the underlying asset during expiration to decide the optimal price at which to exercise the Options.

Margin (stocks) 
To buy a security by borrowing funds from a brokerage house. The margin requirement-the maximum percentage of the investment which can be loaned by the brokerage firm is set by the Federal Reserve.

Margin (options)
 Cash deposit needed to be held in account when writing Options.

Marked-To-Model
 
A valuation method using financial models for level 2 assets, what are less liquid assets which are hard to value due to an absence of a readily available market.

Market Maker 
An exchange member whose function is to aid in the making of a market, by making bids and offers for his account in the absence of public buy or sell orders. Several market-makers are normally assigned to a particular security. The market-maker system encompasses the market-makers and the board brokers.

Market Order 
An order to buy or sell securities at the current market. The order will be filled as long as there is a market for the security.

Market On Close (MOC) 
An Option trading order which fills a position at or near market close.

Married Put and Stock 
a put and stock are considered to be married when they are bought on the same day, and the position is designated at that time as a hedge

Model 
A mathematical formula designed to price an Option as a function of certain variables - generally stock price, striking price, volatility, time to expiration, dividends to be paid, and the current risk-free interest rate. The Black Scholes model is one of the most commonly used models.

Moneyness 
The strike price of an Option in relation to the prevailing price of the underlying asset.

Multiple Compression 
Where the overall market sell off over a period of time in order to generally reduce PE ratios across the board due to pessimism about the macro economy.

Multiple Expansion 
Where the overall market rallies over a period of time in order to generally increase PE ratios across the board due to optimism about the macro economy.

NASDAQ 
National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System. It is an electronic market place in USA where securities are listed and traded electronically.

Naked Option 
An uncovered Option risk that carries unlimited risk.

Narrow Based 
Generally referring to an index, it indicates that the index is composed of only a few stocks, generally in a specific industry group. Narrow-based indices are NOT subject to favorable treatment for naked Option writers.

Neutral 
Describing an Opinion which is neither bearish or bullish. Neutral Option strategies are generally designed to perform best when there is little or no net change in the price of the underlying stock.

Neutral Options Strategies 
Different ways to use Options in order profit a stock remains stagnant or within a tight trading range.

Non-Equity Option 
An Option whose underlying entity is not common stock; typically refers to Options on physical commodities, but may also be extended to include index Options.

One Sided Market 
A market condition where there are significantly more sellers than buyers or more buyers than sellers. In this case, there are not enough buyers putting up offers to buy from sellers or that there are not enough sellers putting up offers to sell to buyers.

Open Interest 
The net total of outstanding open contracts in a particular option series. An opening transaction increases the open interest, while any closing transaction reduces the open interest.

Option 
The right to buy or sell specific securities at a specified price within a specified time. A put gives the holder the right to sell the stock, a call the right to buy the stock.

Options Chains 
Tables showcasing the Options which a stock offers over various strike price and expirations.

Options Contracts 
Contingent contracts which allows its holder to buy or sell a specific asset when exercised.

Optionable Stocks 
Stocks with tradable Options.

Option Pain 
Also known as Max Pain or Max Option Pain. It is the stock price that will result in the most number of Options contracts expiring out of the money.

Option Pricing Curve 
A graphical representation of the projected price of an Option at a fixed point in time. It reflects the amount of time value premium in the Option for various stock prices, as well. The curve is generated by using a mathematical model. The delta (or hedge ratio) is the slope of a tangent line to the curve at a fixed stock price.

Option Trader 
Also known as Options Trader. It is anyone who buys and sells options in the capital markets.

Option Trading 
Also known as Options Trading. It is the buying and selling of stock and index Options in the capital market so as to speculate for leveraged profits in every market condition or perform hedging to reduce portfolio risk.

Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) 
The issuer of all listed Option contracts which are trading on the national Option exchanges.

Options Margin
 See “Margin (Options)”.

Options Strategist 
An investment professional who specializes in research, analysis and execution of options strategies.

Options Symbol 
A string of alphabets which define specific Options contracts. Can be referred to as the name of an Options contract.

Out of the Money 
Describing an Option which has no intrinsic value. A Call Option is out-of-the-money when the stock is below the strike price of the call, while a Put Option is out-of-the-money when the stock is higher than the strike price of the put.

Over-the-Counter Option (OTC) 
An Option traded over-the-counter, as opposed to a listed stock Option. The OTC Option has a direct link between buyer and seller, has no secondary market, and has no standardization of striking prices and expiration dates.

Overvalued 
Describing a security trading at a higher price than it logically should. Normally associated with the results of Option price predictions by mathematical models. When an Option is trading in the market for a higher price than the model indicates, the Option is said to be overvalued.

Parity 
Describing an in-the-money Option trading for its intrinsic value: that is, an Option trading at parity with the underlying stock. An Option trading under parity is a discount Option.

Physical Option 
An Option whose underlying security is a physical commodity which is not stock or futures.

Physically Settled Option 
An Option that the actual underlying asset exchange hands when exercised.

Portfolio 
Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain Options of different stocks or a combination of shares, Options and other financial instruments.

Position 
Specific securities in an account or strategy. A covered call writing position might be long 1,000 ABC and short 10 ABC January 50 calls. It also refers to facilitate; buy or sell a block of securities, thereby establishing a position.

Position Trading 
The use of Options trading strategies in order to profit from the unique opportunities presented by stock Options, such as time decay, volatility and even arbitrage to make safe, fixed, albeit lower profit.

Premium 
The total price of an Option contract is made up of the sum of the intrinsic value and the time value premium. Even though most people refer to the price of an Option contract as the “Premium”, it is actually an inaccurate expression. The Premium of an Option contract is the part of the price that is not intrinsic.

Premium Over Parity 
This is the time value in an Option.

Profit Range 
The range within which a particular position makes a profit. Generally used in reference to strategies which have two break-even points - an upside break-even and a downside break-even. The price range between the two break-even points would be the profit range.

Profit Table 
A table of results of a particular strategy at some point in time. This is usually a tabular compilation of the data drawn on a profit graph.

Protected Strategy 
A position which has limited risk. A protected short sale (short stock, long call) has limited risk, as does a protected straddle write (short straddle, long out-of-the-money combination).

Protective Call 
An Option trading hedging strategy which protects profits made in a short stock position using call Options.

Protective Put 
An Option trading hedging strategy which hedges against a drop in stock price using Put Options.

Public Book (of orders) 
The orders to buy or sell, entered by the public, that are away from the current market. The board broker or specialist keeps the public book. Market-makers on the CBOE can see the highest bid and lowest offer at any time. The specialist’s book is closed (only he knows at what price and in what quantity the nearest public orders are).

Pull back 
A temporary fall in price after a rally. The rally usually continues after a Pull Back. This is also known as a “Correction” in prices.

Put 
An Option granting the holder the right to sell the underlying security at a certain price for a specified period of time.

Put Broken Wing Butterfly Spread 
A Butterfly Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile that makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money Put Options than a regular butterfly spread.

Put Broken Wing Condor Spread 
A Put Condor Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile that makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money Put Options than a regular put condor spread.

Put Call Parity 
Put Call Parity is an Option pricing concept which requires the extrinsic values of Call and Put Options to be in equilibrium so as to prevent arbitrage. Put Call Parity is also known as the Law of One Price.

Put Call Ratio 
The ratio of the number of open Put Options against the number of open Call Options. The higher the resulting number, the more Put Options are bought or shorted on the underlying asset.

Put Ratio Backspread 
A credit Options trading strategy with unlimited profit to downside and limited profit to upside through buying more out of the money puts than in the money puts are shorted.

Put Ratio Spread 
A credit Options trading strategy with the ability to profit when a stock goes up, down or sideways through shorting more out of the money puts than in the money puts are bought.

Ratio Backspread
 Credit volatile Options trading strategy which opens up one leg for unlimited profit through selling a smaller amount of in the money Options against the purchase of at the money or out of the money Options of the same type.

Ratio Calendar Combination 
A strategy consisting of a simultaneous position of a ratio calendar spread using calls and a similar position using puts, where the striking price of the calls is greater than the striking price of the puts.

Ratio Spread 
Constructed with either puts or calls, the strategy consists of buying a certain amount of Options and then selling a larger quantity of out-of-the-money Options.

Ratio Strategy 
A strategy in what one has an unequal number of long securities and short securities. Normally, it implies a preponderance of short Options over either long Options or long stock.

Ratio Write 
Buying stock and selling a preponderance of calls against the stock that is owned.

Realize (a profit or loss) 
The act of closing a position, incurring a profit or a loss. As long as a position is not closed, the profit or loss remains unrealized.

Resistance
 A term in technical analysis indicating a price area higher than the current stock price where an abundance of supply exists for the stock, and therefore the stock may have trouble rising through the price.

Reverse Hedge
A strategy in that one sells the underlying stock short and buys calls on more shares than he has sold short. This is also called a synthetic straddle and is an outmoded strategy for stocks that have listed puts trading.

Reverse Strategy 
A general name which is given to strategies which are the opposite of better known strategies. E.g. a ratio spread consists of buying calls at a lower strike and selling more calls at a higher strike. A reverse ratio spread also known as a backspread consists of selling the calls at the lower strike and buying more calls at the higher strike. The results are obviously directly opposite to each other.

Risk Graph 
A graphical representation of the risk/reward profile of an Option position.

Risk Free Return 
Profit on a risk free investment instrument such as the Treasury bills. It is a common standard of measuring the opportunity cost of having your money in anything other than Treasury bills.

Roll Down 
Close out Options at one strike and simultaneously open other Options at a lower strike.

Roll Forward 
Close out Options at a near-term expiration date and open Options at a longer-term expiration date.
​
Rolling 
A follow up action in which the strategist closes Options currently in the position and opens other Options with different terms, on the same underlying stock.

Quadruple Witching 
The third Friday of March, June, September and December when Index Futures, Index Options, Stock Futures and Stock Options expire. This is one of the most volatile trading days of the year, with exceptionally high trading volume.
​
Quarterlies / Quarterly Options 
​Options with quarterly expiration cycle.
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